Landscapes are meaningful ecological units that strongly depend on the environmental conditions. Such dependencies between landscapes and the environment have been noted since the beginning of Earth sciences and cast into conceptual models describing …
Causal inference in dynamical systems is a challenge for different research areas. So far it is mostly about understanding to what extent the underlying causal mechanisms can be derived from observed time series. Here we investigate whether anomalous …
Today, many processes at the Earth's surface are constantly monitored by multiple data streams. These observations have become central to advancing our understanding of vegetation dynamics in response to climate or land use change. Another set of …